TOPIC1
INTRODUCTION TO POWER FLOW SYSTEMS.
Learning Outcome
The student will be able to describe and identify the principle of power flow through a power train.
Assessment Criteria
The student will correctly describe, and Identify types of the power train systems for :
• Daihatsu Rocky
• DJB 300
• EL 240 Excavators
TOPIC1
INTRODUCTION TO POWER FLOW SYSTEM
The power flow, also called the power train or drive train, includes all the components that carry or transmit torque from the engine to the driving wheels or track of the vehicle or equipment. The Different arrangements of the power flow system are used for rear and front wheel/track drive.
With rear or front - wheel drive, the components carry the drive to the rear or front wheels through the clutch, transmissions, but they have a converter instead of a clutch.
To transmit the torque from the engine to the drive wheels or tracks can drive front wheel and rear wheel only or all wheels, it is defined as a power train configurations.
In operation the power to carry the torque to the driving wheels or tracks with ways of:
1. Mechanical power flow systems.
2. Mechanical over Hydraulics power flow systems.
3. Full Hydraulics power flow systems.
Mechanical power flow system
This system use a mechanical component and mechanical power to transmit the torque from the engine to the driving wheels and Tracks with different arrangements. This arrangements are rear wheels drive, front wheels drive, or tracks drive.Most of the vehicles or equipments use this system, for example: KPC Light Vehicles (Daihatsu ROCKY, TOYOTA KIJANG, TOYOTA LAND CRUISER, SUZUKI, NISSAN TRUCK, VOLVO LIGHT TRUCK) and lately Vehicles and equipments.
Skeletal arrangement of a rear-wheel-drive vehicle.
Skeletal arrangement of a front-wheel-drive vehicle
Mechanical over Hydraulic Power Flow System
This system use mechanical components and combine with hydraulic power to transmit the torque from the engine to the driving wheels or track.
Most of the modern Vehicles or equipments use this system, for example :
DJB 300, CAT TRUCK D350 ARTICULATED, 777 B, 785 A, B, 789, KOM TRUCK 785 Etc
Full Hydraulics Power Flows System
This system use full hydraulic system to transmit torque from the engine to the driving wheels or tracks.
The modern vehicles and equipment use this system, for example: Modern excavator, Shovel and Mining drill equipment (DM50, D25K, D50K, GEMCO.
Writen activity2
Answer all of the following questions.
1. What the other name of the power flow system?
------------------------------------------------
2. What do the components of a power flow able to do?
------------------------------------------------
3. What types of the power flow system, if it's used Mechanical power to transmit the engine torque to the driving wheels or tracks?
---------------------------------------------------------
4. What types of the power flow system, if it's used Mechanical and Hydraulics power to transmit the engine torque to the driving wheels or tracks?
-------------------------------------------------------
5. What types of the power flow system, if it's used Hydraulics power to transmit the engine torque to the driving wheels or tracks?
---------------------------------------------
TOPIC2
POWER TRAIN MAIN COMPONENTS AND CONFIGURATIONS
Learning Outcome
You will be able to locate and state function of the power train main component and configurations.
Assessment Criteria
You will be correctly to describe, name, locate and state function of power train main components and configurations.
• Clutch, Fluid coupling
• Transmission
• Drive line
• Differential
• Final Drive
• Power train configurations of ( 4x2, 4x4, 6x4, 6x6 )
Writen activity 1
The following questions are to get you thinking about this topic. Information given on the previous page can help you answer them.
1. What is the learning outcome of this topic?
---------------------------------------------------
2. What are the six things which you will learn in this topic?
------------------------------------------
TOPIC2
POWER TRAIN MAIN COMPONENT AND CONFIGURATIONS
Main Components Of Power Train
The power flow or power train main component system is a series of components to transmit torque from the engine to the driving wheels or tracks. The main components of the three types of the power flow system is relatively same function, the different between three of them are the arrangements of the mechanical components and power are used to the series of power flow component.
Power Train Main components
The series of components and function of the power flow system are consits of five main components :
1. Clutch or Fluid coupling.
2. Transmission
3. Drive line or Drive shaft
4. Differential
5. Final Drives
Power Train Main Component and function
Clutch or Fluid coupling
The clutch is a friction types of coupling which enables the engine to be connected and disconnected from the transmission. The ways to connect and disconnect the engine and transmission is a mechanically through friction. A fluid coupling performs the same function with the clutch but using the hydraulic power by circulating fluid. The most of the type of the fluid coupling is commonly called torque converter.
Clutch
Transmission
The transmission commonly called a gearbox, contains number of gears and shafts which provide a number of different gear shifting ratio to allow engine torque to be varied to appropriate load conditions.
This is also allows shifting speed ratios to be selected for various travel speeds and to allows vehicle to be forward and reversed direction.
The common types of the transmission are :
• Mechanical Tranmission
• Powershift Transmission
The methods of varying the torque and speed selection can be done by :
• Manually
• Automatically
Manually
To select the shifting gear ratio or speed of the transmission is using the gear lever or transmission lever shifted by the driver
Manually - Transmission
Automatically.
To select the ratio of the transmission is done automatically without the help of the driver, the vehicles will start move with the first gear. The gear shifting from first to the high gear or from the high gear to the low gear will change automatically by load.
Automatically - Transmission
Another types of transmission is the hydrostatic transmission which uses fluid under pressure to transmit engine power to the wheels or tracks.
Drive lines
The drive lines also called a drive shaft. It is a mechanical link between the transmission and differential assemble and usually consists of propeller shaft, slip joint and universal joint.
The universal joints and sliding spline which allows the shaft to change its length and to bend so that it can adjust to rear-axle and suspension movement.
Drive axle assembly
Drive axle assemblies consist of bevel gearing, a differential and a final drive. Note: not all driveassemblies have all the above
The bevel gears function is to allow the drive to be changed through an angle of 900 .The differential function is to allows the vehicles wheel to travel at different speed during cornering but still receiving equal torque.
Most of the heavy vehicles have a gear reduction at the bevel gears and the a final drive reduction at the wheels.
Sectional view of a rear-axle assembly.
Final DriveThe final drive is the last component in the power train which gives the final reduction in speed and increases the torque to the drive wheels.
In many vehicles the final drive is the bevel gearing in the drive axles assembly
Final-drive gears - crown wheel and pinion.
Introduction
The power train system described in topic 1 is the
basis of all systems, but it is varied to suit particular vehicles. Most mine support vehicles have variations, but are still based upon the system described
The following diagrams and pictures describe the power train layouts you will encounter in the mines workshops. Examine these so that you will be able to recognize them.
Configuration 4 x 2
Note that if a truck or bus has dual (joined) driving rear wheels it is still described as 4 x 2.
Configuration 4 x 4
If a vehicle has four wheels of which all four can be driving wheels, it is a 4 x 4. Small vehicles of this type are usually called "four wheel drives" e.g. a Rocky. In such vehicles a transfer case is placed between the transmission and drive line. This allows the driver to select either two or four wheel drive.
Power train configurations 4 x 4
Heavy Equipment Configuration Wheel Types.
In heavy equipment you will notice that a final drive may be included between the differential and wheel. This is a further gear reduction to increase the torque delivered to the driving wheels, making the machinery more powerful
Power train configurations 4 x 2
Heavy Equipment Configuration Track types
Track type vehicles will show some difference again. The steering mechanism changes the speed at which the track moves by a system of brakes and clutches. This causes the cog driving the track to slow which in turn will cause the vehicle to turn. In effect it allows the vehicle to be steered.
Power train configurations
Some track type vehicles such as some dozer's and excavators do not have drive lines but used hydraulic hoses. The engine will drive a pump which will pump the fluid under pressure to a hydraulic motor via hydraulic hose which in turn drives the final drive. This eliminates the need for complex drive lines, all transfer of energy being achieved via the hydraulic system.
Written Activity 2
Answer all of the following questions.
1. Name all the series of power train basic components?
• ---------------------
• --------------------
• --------------------------------------
• --------------------------------------
• --------------------------------------
2. What the function of the a clutches?
-----------------------------------------
3. What is another name for a transmission?
---------------------------------------------
4. What the function of the a transmission
* -------------------------
* ------------------------
* -------------------------
5. How the varying of the engine torque and speed can be shifted to selected the various travel speeds.
* -------------------------------------------------
6. What difference between a Manually and an automatic transmission with?
* -----------------------------------------------
7. What does the drive shaft do?
* ---------------------------------------------
8. What does the bevel gear do?
1.-------------------------------------
2. --------------------------------------------
9. What does the differential do?
10. What does the final drive do?
11. What does it mean power train configurations: Four by two (4 x 2)
Four by four (4 x 4)
TOPIC1
INTRODUCTION TO POWER FLOW SYSTEM
Written Activity 1
The following questions are to get you thinking about this topic. Information given on the previous page can help you answer them.
1. What is the learning outcome of this topic?
Describe and identify the power flows through power train
2. What are the three things which you will learn in this topic?
• Describe and identify types of power train system for: Daihatsu Rocky
• Describe and identify types of power train system for: DJB 300
• Describe and identify types of power train system for: EL 240 Excavator
Written activity 2
Answer all of the following question.
1. What the other name of the power flow system?
Power train or Drive Train
2. What do the components of a power flow able to do?
To carry or to transmit torque from the engine to the driving wheels or tracks.
3. What types of the power flow system, if it's used Mechanical power to transmit the engine torque to the driving wheels or tracks?
Mechanical Power Flow Systems.
4. What types of the power flow system, if it's used Mechanical and Hydraulics power to transmit the engine torque to the driving wheels or tracks?
Mechanical over Hydraulics Power Flow Systems
5. What types of the power flow system, if it's used Hydraulics power to transmit the engine torque to the driving wheels or tracks?
Full Hydraulics Power Flow Systems
TOPIC2
POWER TRAIN COMPONENTS AND CONFIGURATIONS.
Written Activity 1
The following questions are to get you thinking about this topic. Information given on the previous page can help you answer them.
1. What is the learining outcome of this topic?
Locate and state function of the power train main component and configuration
2. What are the six things which you will learn in this topic?
Correctly describe, name, locate and state function of power train main components and configurations of:
• Clutch, fluid coupling
• Transmission
• Drive line
• Differential
• Final drive
• 4x2, 4x4, 6x4, 6x6 Drive.
Written activity 2.
Answer all the following question.
1. Name all the series of power train basic components?
• Clutch or Fluid coupling
• Transmission
• Drive lines or Drive shaft
• Diffrentials
• Final Drive
2. What the function of the a clutches?
To connect and disconnect the power from the engine to transmission.
3. What is another name for a transmission?
Gear Box
4. What the function of the a transmission
To select the speed
To change the forward and reverse direction To increase the torque
5. How the varying of the engine torque and speed can be shifted to selected the various travel speeds.
by Manually and Automatically
6. What difference between a Manually and an automatic transmission with?
Manually is to select the shifting ratio or speed of the transmission, is using gear lever or transmission shifted by the driver
Automatically is to selec the ratio ofthe transmission is done automatically without the help of the driver, vehicles will start move with the first gear. The gear shifting from first to the high gear or from the high gear to the lower will change automatically by load conditions.
7. What does the drive shaft do?
It is a mechanical link between the transmission and diffrential assembly and usully consist of proppeller shaft, slip joint and universal joint.
8. What does the bevel gear do?
1. To allow the drive to be changed through an angle 900
2. To reduce speed and increase the torque.
9. What does the differential do?
To allow the vehicle wheels to travel in diffrent speed during cornering or turning.
10. What does the final drive do ?
To reduce the speed and increase the torque to the drive wheel
11. What does it mean power train configurations :
Four by two ( 4 x 2 ) = 4 x 2 is a vehicles have 4 wheels, two Wheels as a driven and other to as a drive.
Four by four ( 4 x 4 ) = 4 x 4 is a vehicles have 4 wheels, all wheel as a drive, commonly called four wheel drive.
INTRODUCTION TO POWER FLOW SYSTEM
Reviewed by heri
on
12:10 AM
Rating:
Reviewed by heri
on
12:10 AM
Rating:
No comments: